Cemented Construction
The most common industrial method. The upper is lasted and the sole is bonded with high-strength industrial adhesives, creating a very strong bond with no visible stitching.
California Construction
Widely used in casual footwear. The upper is stitched to the insole before it goes on the last, so no lasting allowance is needed. A welt usually runs all the way round and is cemented for a durable finish.
Strobel Construction
Common in sports footwear. The upper is stitched to a fabric sock on a Strobel machine, with no lasting allowance, and the sole is then cemented or injected. The seam is visible if you lift the sock liner.
Blake Construction
The insole, upper and sole are joined with a single stitch made on dedicated machines. A simple, fast process that gives a flexible, slim-profile shoe.
Stitch and Turn Construction
The upper and lining are stitched inside out and then turned, so the seams are hidden inside the shoe. Stitching always starts at the toe. The sole is then cemented for durability.
Moccasin Construction
Defined by its wrap-around build: a single piece of leather forms both the bottom and the vamp, and its edges are stitched to the apron.
Sacchetto Construction
The lining is stitched to the sock liner to form a bag. Once the last is inserted, the shoe is finished with the cemented method: the upper is attached to the insole and then to the sole. A soft foam layer under the sock liner adds extra comfort.
Not sure which method suits your design? Get in touch.